全文获取类型
收费全文 | 306900篇 |
免费 | 37060篇 |
国内免费 | 27993篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 24318篇 |
技术理论 | 16篇 |
综合类 | 23607篇 |
化学工业 | 60055篇 |
金属工艺 | 11941篇 |
机械仪表 | 18248篇 |
建筑科学 | 18927篇 |
矿业工程 | 4817篇 |
能源动力 | 11496篇 |
轻工业 | 24133篇 |
水利工程 | 5171篇 |
石油天然气 | 7223篇 |
武器工业 | 2800篇 |
无线电 | 39283篇 |
一般工业技术 | 35774篇 |
冶金工业 | 8250篇 |
原子能技术 | 4058篇 |
自动化技术 | 71836篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 646篇 |
2023年 | 4800篇 |
2022年 | 8312篇 |
2021年 | 11790篇 |
2020年 | 9903篇 |
2019年 | 9177篇 |
2018年 | 8884篇 |
2017年 | 11838篇 |
2016年 | 13726篇 |
2015年 | 15580篇 |
2014年 | 17305篇 |
2013年 | 20956篇 |
2012年 | 21700篇 |
2011年 | 24232篇 |
2010年 | 18009篇 |
2009年 | 18178篇 |
2008年 | 19303篇 |
2007年 | 21922篇 |
2006年 | 21337篇 |
2005年 | 18203篇 |
2004年 | 14707篇 |
2003年 | 12174篇 |
2002年 | 9464篇 |
2001年 | 6658篇 |
2000年 | 5291篇 |
1999年 | 4602篇 |
1998年 | 3601篇 |
1997年 | 2907篇 |
1996年 | 3539篇 |
1995年 | 2648篇 |
1994年 | 2213篇 |
1993年 | 1434篇 |
1992年 | 1185篇 |
1991年 | 1011篇 |
1990年 | 869篇 |
1989年 | 683篇 |
1988年 | 497篇 |
1987年 | 342篇 |
1986年 | 296篇 |
1985年 | 363篇 |
1984年 | 336篇 |
1983年 | 249篇 |
1982年 | 264篇 |
1981年 | 147篇 |
1980年 | 153篇 |
1979年 | 51篇 |
1978年 | 37篇 |
1977年 | 42篇 |
1964年 | 36篇 |
1962年 | 65篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(67):28782-28793
Highly-efficient and stable non-noble metal electrocatalysts for overcoming the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgent for water electrolysis. Biomass-derived biochar has been considered as promising carbon material because of its advantages such as low-cost, renewable, simple preparation, rich structure, and easy to obtain heteroatom by in-situ doping. Herein, Ni2P–Fe2P bimetallic phosphide spherical nanocages encapsulated in N/P-doped pine needles biochar is prepared via a simple two-step pyrolysis method. Benefiting from the maximum synergistic effects of bimetallic phosphide and biochar, high conductivity of biochar encapsulation, highly exposed active sites of Ni2P–Fe2P spherical nanocages, rapid mass transfer in porous channels with large specific surface area, and the promotion in adsorption of reaction intermediates by high-level heteroatom doping, the (Ni0.75Fe0.25)2P@NP/C demonstrates excellent OER activity with an overpotential of 250 mV and a Tafel slope of 48 mV/dec at 10 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH. Also it exhibits a long-term durability in 10 h electrolysis and its activity even improves during the electrocatalytic process. The present work provides a favorable strategy for the inexpensive synthesis of biochar-based transition metal electrocatalysts toward OER, and improves the water electrolysis for hydrogen production. 相似文献
82.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(68):29467-29480
The effects of surface and interior degradation of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) on the performance and durability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been investigated using three freeze-thaw accelerated stress tests (ASTs). Three ASTs (ex-situ, in-situ, and new methods) are designed from freezing ?30 °C to thawing 80 °C by immersing, supplying, and bubbling, respectively. The ex-situ method is designed for surface degradation of the GDL. Change of surface morphology from hydrophobic to hydrophilic by surface degradation of GDL causes low capillary pressure which decreased PEMFC performance. The in-situ method is designed for the interior degradation of the GDL. A decrease in the ratio of the porosity to tortuosity by interior degradation of the GDL deteriorates PEMFC performance. Moreover, the new method showed combined effects for both surface and interior degradation of the GDL. It was identified that the main factor that deteriorated the fuel cell performance was the increase in mass transport resistance by interior degradation of GDL. In conclusion, this study aims to investigate the causes of degraded GDL on the PEMFC performance into the surface and interior degradation and provide the design guideline of high-durability GDL for the PEMFC. 相似文献
83.
This article proposes an active balancer, which features bidirectional charge shuttling and adaptive equalization current control, to fast counterbalance the state of charge (SOC) of cells in a lithium-ion battery (LIB) string. The power circuit consists of certain bidirectional buck-boost converters to transfer energy among the different cells back and forth. Owing to the characterization of the open-circuit voltage (OCV) vs SOC in LIB being relatively smooth near the SOC middle range, the SOC-inspected balance strategy can achieve more precise and efficient equilibrium than the voltage-based control. Accordingly, a compensated OCV-based SOC estimation is put forward to take into account the discrepancy of SOC estimation. Besides, the varied-duty-cycle (VDC) and curve-fitting modulation (CFM) methods are devised herein to tackle the problems of slow equalization rate and low balance efficacy, which arise from the diminution in balancing current as the SOC difference between the cells decreases in the later duration of equalization especially. The proposed strategies have taken the battery nonlinear characteristic and circuit parameter nonideality into account and can adaptively modulate the duty cycle with the SOC difference to keep balancing current constant throughout the balancing cycle. Simulated and experimental results are given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the same prototype constructed. Compared with the fixed duty cycle and the VDC methods, the proposed CFM has the best balancing efficiency of 81.4%, and the balance time is shortened by 27.1% and 18.6%, respectively. 相似文献
84.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(58):24592-24609
Hydrogen is gaining increased attention from industries and policymakers in China. However, most of the current demonstration projects in the country have relied on conventional energy sources, including industrial byproduct hydrogen and grey hydrogen produced from fossil fuels. Moreover, strategies and policy frameworks leading to a shift to green or low-carbon hydrogen have neither been explored in-depth nor been identified clearly in the context of China. This study aims at bridging such gaps. Roadmapping techniques enhanced by the Delphi method and SWOT analysis are used to survey hydrogen energy experts from government bodies, industries, and academia to achieve basic agreement on strategically enabling large-scale green hydrogen demonstrations followed by commercialisation in China. The outcome of two rounds of surveys showed that experts' opinions converged on a strategic roadmap with three stages of development. The corresponding policies needed in each stage are evaluated and selected to form a systemic framework. 相似文献
85.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(8):5269-5280
The insufficiency of clean water sources has become a perilous tension for the future of the world that one of the eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions is the photocatalytic process for removal of artificial dyes and poisonous organic impurities. In the current research, an eco-friendly sonochemistry process was accomplished to gain Gd2Sn2O7 (GSO) nanoparticles with progressive photo-catalytic proficiency. Lysine amino acid as a green capping agent and ethylenediamine (en) as an alkaline agent were utilized with effective surface categories aiming to manage the growth of formed nuclei with the design of spatial barriers around the metal cations and lastly, stop nano-sample accumulation. The figure and dimension of products was studied by various characterization procedures of spectroscopic and microscopic. The photo-degradation performances of the pure Gd2Sn2O7, Gd2Sn2O7/SnO2 and Gd2Sn2O7/SnO2/Gd2O3 nanocomposites were tested to the removal of diverse synthetic dyes. The outcome of the type of dye, nano-catalyst composition, pH and scavenger kind was labeled on modifying ability of Gd-Sn-O nano-catalyst task. Optimized Gd2Sn2O7/SnO2/Gd2O3 nanocomposites have an efficiency of 98% for degradation of erythrosine dye that ?OH radicals support photo-degradation of contamination. 相似文献
86.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(9):5757-5765
At present, as the demand for electricity increases in all sectors, there is an urgent need to introduce alternative renewable energy sources into modern energy systems. Renewable energy sources, which consist of solar (photovoltaic, PV), wind and hydro power, are key alternative sources of “green energy’’ energies, but it can also be used to produce “green” hydrogen. Thanks to scientific and technological progress, the cost of photovoltaic solar radiation converters is constantly decreasing at a high rate, which makes it possible to build solar power plants of sufficiently large capacity. In the coming decades, solar energy will become an incentive for the economic development of countries that have the maximum “solar” resource. The Republic of Tajikistan is one of these countries with a high potential for solar energy.The article presents an analysis of the resources and potential of solar energy in the Republic of Tajikistan. The study of electromagnetic transients in networks with photovoltaic solar power plants is performed. The main equations, simulation model and calculations of transients are presented, taking into account changes in voltage on DC buses. An algorithm for controlling the system of automatic control of output parameters is proposed. The analysis of dynamic and static modes in parallel operation of a solar power plant with the grid is carried out. A block diagram and computer model is constructed in the MATLAB package together with Simulink and Power System Blockset. 相似文献
87.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(10):6700-6709
Water electrolysis is the most clean and high-efficiency technology for production of hydrogen, an ultimate clean energy in future. Highly efficient non-noble electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are desirable for large scale production of hydrogen by water electrolysis. Especially, exposing as many active sites as possible is a vital way to improve activities of the catalysts. Herein, a series of new hydrangea like composite catalysts of ultrathin Mo2S3 nanosheets assembled uprightly and interlacedly on N, S-dual-doped graphitic biocarbon spheres were facilely prepared. The unique structure endowed the catalysts highly exposed edge active sites and prominently high activities for HER. Especially, the optimized catalyst Mo2S3/NSCS-50 exhibited as low as 106 mV of overpotential at 10 mA/cm2 (denoted as ?10). The catalyst also showed low Tafel slope of 53 mV/dec, low electron transfer resistance of 34 Ω and high stability evidenced by the result that the current density only attenuated 11.7% after 10 h i-t test. The catalyst has shown broad prospect for commercial application in water electrolysis. 相似文献
88.
89.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(7):4472-4488
As one of the cleanest energies, hydrogen has attracted much attention over the past decade. Hydrogen can be produced using water electrolysis in a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell (PEMEC). In the present study, the performance of the PEMEC, powered by the Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) system, is scrutinized. It is considered that the PVT system provides the required electrical power of the PEMEC and preheats the feedwater. A comprehensive numerical model of the coupled PVT-PEMEC system is developed. The model is used to investigate the effect of various operating parameters, including solar radiation intensity, inlet feedwater temperature, and feedwater mass flow rate, on the hydrogen production and operating voltage of the PEMEC at various Exchange Current Densities (ECDs). Furthermore, the effect of integration of Phase Change Material (PCM) and Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) on the hydrogen production of the system is evaluated. According to the obtained results, the PVT-TEG-PEMEC system outperforms other systems in hydrogen production. However, integration of the PVT-PEMEC system with PCM has a negligible effect on its hydrogen production. 相似文献
90.
This paper aims to provide a review of the conceptual design and theoretical framework of the main control schemes proposed in the literature for unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). Additionally, the objective of the paper is not only to present an overview of the recent control architectures validated on UUVs but also to give detailed experimental-based comparative studies of the proposed control schemes. To this end, the main control schemes, including proportional–integral–derivative (PID) based, sliding mode control (SMC) based, adaptive based, observation-based, model predictive control (MPC) based, combined control techniques, are revisited in order to consolidate the principal efforts made in the last two decades by the automatic control community in the field. Besides implementing some key tracking control schemes from the classification mentioned above on Leonard UUV, several real-time experimental scenarios are tested, under different operating conditions, to evaluate and compare the efficiency of the selected tracking control schemes. Furthermore, we point out potential investigation gaps and future research trends at the end of this survey. 相似文献